Answer:
The origin of the cult of Jagannath is mysterious.
The deity itself accepts almost all the sects of Hindu
Pantheon like Vedic religion, Vaishnavism,
Saivism, Tantricism and Brahminism in His abode.
In addition to these sects, Jainism and Buddhism
acclaim the Jagannath triad belonging to their
religions. In spite of this, scholars in the cult of
Jagannath believe in the aboriginal tribal (Savara)
origin of the Jagannath triad.
The scholars in the field of the cult of
Jagannath also differ in holding their own views
and theories. But among all the theories
propounded regarding the origin of the Jagannath
cult, the theory of tribal origin is the most accepted
one. Scholars like B.M.Padhi1
, A. Eschmann2
G.C. Tripathy3
, H. Kulke4
and H.V. Stietencorn
have dealt with the tribal origin of the Jagannath
cult. Though many arguments and counter
arguments have been put forth by the scholars to
support their own theories regarding the origin of
the cult no one has been able to deny the intimate
association of the Savaras or the tribals with the
cult of Jagannath from its inception. Even scholars
like B. Mohanty5
, N.K. Sahu6
, K.C Mishra7
,
S.Mohanty8
and G.N.Mohapatra9
have accepted
the tribal influence in the cult of Jagannath.
The legends of the Puri and the
Purusottam Mahatmya of the Skanda Purana, the
Musali Parva, the Vanaparva of Sarala Dasa’s
Mahabharata, Deula Tola of Sisu Krshna Das and
Nilambar Das refer to the Savara or tribal origin
Tribal Origin
of the Cult of the Jagannath
Abhimanyu Dash
of the Jagannath. Almost in a similar way they
narrate the Indradyumna story and explain how
the deity was originally worshipped by the
aboriginal Savara chief Visvavasu in the forest and
later on how it appeared at Puri.
The story in the Purusottama Mahatmya of
Skanda Purana – The story10 recorded in the
Purusottama Mahatmya of Skanda Purana says
that the shrine of Nilamadhava was located in the
Blue hill (Nila Saila) surrounded by a forest.
Indradyumna, the king of Avanti came to know
about the sanctity of the place and Lord
Nilamadhava. He sent Vidyapati to the place to
get information of Nilamadhava. Once Vidyapati
told to his wife Lalita about his desire to see the
God. At first Visvavasu was unwilling to allow
Vidyapati to take him to God Nilamadhava but
later on he took him by covering his eyes in order
to keep the secrecy of the shrine. But clever
Vidyapati on the way secretly dropped mustard
seeds, which germinated after a few days and
opened the secret path to Nilamadhava. Vidyapati
then returned to his master Indradyumna and
reported the location of the shrine. The King was
overwhelmed and started for Blue hill to have a
Darsana (view). But to his misfortune he could
not find the image there. In the night the king had
a dream in which he saw a noble tree coming
from the Svetadvipa where God Visnu appeared
in his blue form. In the morning news came to the
king that a log impressed with the signs of Visnu