For decreasing the number of iterations in Newton Raphson method ​

Answer:

Explanation:

Materials Required:

Mohr’s salt (ferrous ammonium sulfate)

Potassium permanganate solution

Dilute sulfuric acid

Chemical balance

Burette

Burette stand

Pipette

Conical flask

Funnel

Measuring flask

Weighing bottle

White tile

Burnet

Wire gauze

Apparatus Setup:

In burette – KMnO4 solution

In Conical flask – 10ml of Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate (Mohr’s salt) + Sulfuric acid

Indicator – Self indicator (KMnO4)

End Point – Colourless to permanent pale pink colour.

Mohr Salt Titration with KMnO4

Procedure:

(a) Preparation of 0.05M standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate:

The quantity of Mohr’s salt required for the 250ml of the solution having a normality of 0.05N can be calculated as follows.

The molar mass of mohr’s salt = 392 g/mol

Strength = Normality x Equivalent weight

= (1/20) x 392 = 19.6 g/L

For preparing 250ml of N/20 Mohr’s salt solution, Mohr salt required

= (19.6/1000) x 250 = 4.9 gm

Weigh an empty watch glass using a chemical balance.

Weigh accurately 4.9gm of Mohr’s salt in a chemical balance.

With the help of a funnel transfer the Mohr’s salt into the measuring flask.

Now wash the funnel with distilled water without removing the funnel from the flask.

Make the solution up to the marked point with distilled water and make sure the Mohr’s salt is fully dissolved.

This solution is 0.05N standard solution of Mohr’s salt.

(b) Titration of potassium permanganate solution against standard ferrous ammonium sulfate (Mohr’s salt) solution:

Wash and rinse the burette and pipette with distilled water and then rinse with the corresponding solution to be filled in them.

Rinse the burette with the potassium permanganate solution and fill the burette with potassium permanganate solution.

Fix the burette in the burette stand and place the white tile below the burette in order to find the endpoint correctly.

Rinse the pipette and conical flask with standard ferrous sulfate solution.

Pipette out 10ml of 0.05N standard Mohr’s salt solution into the conical flask.

Add a test tube full of sulfuric acid in order to prevent oxidation of manganese to form manganese dioxide.

Note down the initial reading in the burette before starting the titration.

Now start the titration, titrate against potassium permanganate solution and simultaneously swirl the solution in the flask gently.

Initially, the purple colour of KMnO4 is discharged with ferrous ammonium sulfate. The appearance of a permanent pink colour reveals the endpoint.

Repeat the titration until concordant values are obtained.

Note down the upper meniscus on the burette readings.

Record the reading in the observation table given below in order to calculate the molarity of KMnO4 given.

Observations:

S.No Volume of ferrous ammonium sulfate (Mohr’s salt) used Burette Reading Volume(V) of KMnO4 used

V = (y-x)ml

Initial(x) Final(y)

Calculations:

(a) Normality of KMnO4 solution:

Consider y ml of given KMnO4 solution are equivalent to 20ml of N/10 Mohr’s salt solution.

According to law of equivalents,

N1V1 = N2V2

N1, N2 are normality of Mohr’s salt and KMnO4 solution respectively.

V1, V2 are volume of Mohr’s salt and KMnO4 respectively.

1/10 x 20 = N2 x y

N2 = 2/y

N = Normality of given KMnO4 solution = 2/y

(b) Strength of KMnO4 solution:

Strength = Normality x Equivalent mass

Equivalent mass of KMnO4 =

= 158/5

= 31.6

= 2/y x 31.6 g/liter

Molarity of KMnO4 solution

N = M x Number of electron gained

N = M x 5

M = N/5 moles/ litre

The strength of and molarity of given KMnO4 solution is found out as 2/y x 31.6 g/l and N/5 moles/liter, respectively.

Results and Discussion:

Molarity of given KMnO4 solution is _________ moles/liter

The strength of given potassium permanganate solution is _______ g/L

Precautions:

Potassium permanganate is dark, so always read the upper meniscus.

Rinse the pipette and burette before use.

Use dilute sulfuric acid for acidifying the potassium permanganate.

Clean all the apparatus with distilled water before starting the experiment and then rinse with the solution to be taken in them.

Take accurate readings once it reaches the endpoint and doesn’t go with average readings.

Do not use rubber cork burette as it is can be attacked by KMnO4.

Use the antiparallel card or auto parallax card while taking the burette readings.

The strength of the unknown solution should be taken up to two decimal places only.

Viva Questions

Define titrant and titre.

The titre of a solution is the weight of a substance that reacts with 1 mL of the solution, such as a titrant.

Why is dil.sulfuric acid suitable for permanganate titration?

KMnO4 acts as a good oxidising agent in acidic medium. If acid is not used KMnO4 may be oxidised to MnO2 giving a brown precipitate.

What is the formula for Mohr’s salt?

The formula for Mohr’s salt is (NH4)2.FeSO4.6H2O.

What is the standard solution?

A standard solution is a solution whose concentration is known. The normality and molarity of the solution is known.

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Answer:

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