identify one cation and one anion in the given unknown salt 'm1' by performing dry tests​

Answer:

The segregation of different anions and cations and identification of the same in inorganic salts is known as salt analysis. This process is known via different names like qualitative analysis of inorganic salts or systematic qualitative analysis. Inorganic salts are separated into different ions with the help of different sorts of experiments done under laboratory conditions and putting the compounds under different distinct tests which confirm whether certain ions are present or not in the solution. For both theory and practical examinations, class 12 chemistry practical salt analysis is a very important topic. If you were plagued until today with questions like ‘how to do salt analysis experiment class 12’, keep reading this article to get all your answers. 

Explanation:

A Walkthrough for Analysing SaltsProcure a considerable amount of salt on which you want to conduct an experiment.Try to find out which anion group is present inside the salt. For most of this experiment, finding a wider group of ions is easier because, for groups, there is a common reagent against which a positive test result is obtained.Once you find the group, take each anion of that group and perform positivity tests. Do the same group-wise experiment for cations, as you did for anions.Once you find the group, take each cation of that group and perform positivity tests.When both the cation and anion are obtained and identified, construct the chemical formula keeping in mind the valences of each ion. For example, if the cation found is Fe3+ and the anion found is Cl-, then the final inorganic salt result will be FeCl3. It is not mandatory that anions have to be found first. The order of finding each ion can also be swapped. Sample Answer FormatBelow we provide a table which will help you conduct and write any practical experiment related to salt analysis class 12 with ease. Aim: To separate and identify the cation and anion present in the given inorganic salt.Apparatus Needed: To be done by students. Procedure:1. Anion Group Test – Preliminary2. Final Anion Test – Confirmatory3. Cation Group Test – Preliminary4. Final Cation Test – ConfirmatoryShortcuts to Identify IonsThere are thousands of cations and anions which are there in nature and being discovered regularly. That is the reason it is impossible for students to test for each and every one of them. Also, owing to academic reasons, there are a certain set of popular ions which are asked to be experimented upon. We provide here a small checklist and a table which will help you identify cations much more easily than your peers. Make sure you correctly identify the colour of the cation. Most cations secrete a certain colour when mixed with other compounds. If a cation is coloured, you can skip the steps in between and go directly for the confirmatory test. 

Explanation:Identification of cations

Warm the test tube for about a minute and observe the colour of the residue as it warms and cools. Observation of changes gives suggestions about the presence of cations, which can not be taken as conclusive proof.

Estimation from the colour of salt in cold and on warming

Blue to White Cu2

Green to dirty white or yellow Fe2

White to yellow Zn2

Pink to blue Co2

    2. Identification of anions

Radicals are first linked on the basis of primary tests.

The dry heat test is one of the first primary tests performed that can give some important information about the acid radical presence.

Other primary tests are grounded on the fact that CO32-, S2-, NO2-and SO32- react with dilute H2SO4 to give CO2, H2S, NO2 and SO2 gases.

These, upon identification, indicate the nature of the ions present in the salt.

Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-and C2O42-and CH3COO- react with the concentrate. H2SO4 but not diluted, to produce H2SO4 characteristic gases.

SO42-and PO43- react neither with diluted H2SO4 nor with concentrated. H2SO4

. Thus, these are linked by individual tests