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2. Read the passage and answer the questions.note makimg (8 marks) It wasn't so long ago that parents asked their teenagers to double-check that they had loose change, so they could call home, if need be. Then came cell phones. Teens aren't just using their phones to talk. From rapid-fire 'texting' to full-fledged Web browsing to videos and video games, cell phones have become portable computers which have opened up a whole new set of concerns. "Parents are totally clueless about what kids are doing on cell phones. They are taking pictures, surfing the Web, playing games and listening to MP3s. They are harassing each other, cyber bullying", says child safety advocate Parry Aftab. Even responsible parents who follow the time-tested advice of keeping the computer out of the child's bedroom and in a family room, where usage can be casually monitored, may not have control over what their kids are doing with cell phones, she said. "The same parents who tell me the computer is in a central location are clueless that their kids are chatting with anyone they want on their cell phones." Cell phone makers have taken aim at the segment, which is constantly being refreshed by kids coming of cell phone age. About half of the children with phones are signed up with increasingly popular family plans, designed to outfit entire households with phones, and designed by industry to hook loyal users. Teens have also been targeted by a recent aggressive move to push video games onto cell phones. When the games were simple, such as the knockoffs of the Atari-era 'breakout', there wasn't much to worry about. But newer phones with colour displays and higher processing power create a landscape that might make some parents worried about what their kids are playing on the bus home from school. Games and videos with sex and violence are now a technological possibility, even if the screens are still small, and the characters pixelated. And then there's the more subtle messages sent by some games. Complicating matters further, said Patricia Vance of the Entertainment Software Rating Board, is the fact that game ratings can't be used on cell phones- the technology doesn't allow it. Console and PC games have ratings on the outside of the package, so parents at least know what they are getting into when they make a purchase. Since cell phone downloads offer no method for displaying ratings before purchase, "there's no way to enforce a rating system. There could be parents who decide they don't want their kids playing a game at home, but it ends up on their cell phone." But Sprint can't control games other companies make, or the websites kids may visit. Ford agreed that parents need to make an effort to remain well-versed in what their kids are doing with their phones. Web-enabled phones can go to all the unsavoury places a Web-enabled computer can, so parents need to keep a watchful eye. Erin McGee, manager of Public Affairs for the Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association, said the best way to enforce strict limits is to keep hold of the mobile purse strings. Since consumers must be 18 in order to purchase a cell phone contract in the United States, most parents are buying the phones their children carry in the first place. let that be the end of it, McGee said. 1,40.- TIRA "When a parent pays a child's bill, they can look at that bill, and see where and how are they spending their minutes", she stressed. But purse-string control is getting a little more complicated now, Barrabee said, because features like text messaging and Web browsing are increasingly included in bundles with extra weekend and night minutes. Fewer phones come with simple telephone capabilities, she said. "You have to really know your child. Different kids handle things differently. If your kid has a cell phone, it's really important for parents to talk with kids about what they are doing." (a) On the basis of your reading the above passage, make notes using headings and sub- headings. Use recognisable abbreviations wherever necessary. And also suggest a suitable title. (5) (b) Write a summary of the above passage in not more than 80 words using the notes made. (3)

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