) Chromosome and chromatid
Chromosome Chromatid
A chromosome is a piece of genetic material that contains all of an organism's features and characteristics. The words "Chroma" and "Soma," which mean "colour" and "bone," respectively, are derived from Greek. Chromatids are the two strands of a chromosome that are similar to each other. Two Identical Sister Chromatids make up a chromosome. At the centromere, each sister chromatid is joined. A male parent and a female parent each inherit a copy of each chromosome, which explains why their offspring have those characteristics (such as facial features reminiscent of the parents).
Their function is to carry the genetic material. Their main function is to enable the cells to duplicate.
A chromosome occurs throughout the cell’s life cycle. A chromatid, on the other hand, is created only when the cell passes through mitosis or meiosis stages.
Chromosomes have centromeres. It is the Sister Chromatids only who have
a) Chromosome and chromatid
Chromosome Chromatid
A chromosome is a piece of genetic material that contains all of an organism's features and characteristics. The words "Chroma" and "Soma," which mean "colour" and "bone," respectively, are derived from Greek. Chromatids are the two strands of a chromosome that are similar to each other. Two Identical Sister Chromatids make up a chromosome. At the centromere, each sister chromatid is joined. A male parent and a female parent each inherit a copy of each chromosome, which explains why their offspring have those characteristics (such as facial features reminiscent of the parents).
Their function is to carry the genetic material. Their main function is to enable the cells to duplicate.
A chromosome occurs throughout the cell’s life cycle. A chromatid, on the other hand, is created only when the cell passes through mitosis or meiosis stages.
Chromosomes have centromeres. It is the Sister Chromatids only who have centromeres.
b) Centrosome and Centromere.
Centrosome Centromere.
The centrosome and centromere are two elements of a cell's division. Microtubules make up a centrosome, which is an organelle made up of them. During the prophase of cell division, it nucleates all of the microtubules within a cell in order to form the spindle apparatus. The centromere is an extremely constricted region of DNA that forms a tiny area that holds the two chromosomes together. The key difference between a centrosome and a centromere is that a centrosome is a cylindrical structure that controls the microtubules in a cell to shape the spindle apparatus. During cell division, the centromere is a DNA region that binds the two sister chromatids together.
Pigments are absent. Pigments are present.
Helps in the formation of spindle fibre. Helps the chromosomes to be attached to the spindle fibre.
Composed of RNA and protein Composed of DNA and protein
c) Aster and spindle fibres.
Aster Spindle fibres
Asters are two star-like structures radiating fibres from the centrosome. Spindle fibres are formed from microtubules during cell division.
They help in locating spindles and trigger cleavage of the cytoplasm. They pull the chromosomes apart and bring them to the poles. These are broader in the middle and narrower at the poles.
They are not attached to the chromosome. They remain attached to the chromosome.
The fibres radiating from the centriole form a star-shaped structure. The fibres run in between the two daughter centrioles forming the shape of a spindle.
d) Haploid and diploid
Haploid Diploid
In haploid or monoploid cells, there is only a single copy of each chromosome. These cells are formed after mitotic cell division. In diploid cells, there are two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
Haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes (n). Diploid, as the name indicates, contains 2 sets of chromosomes (2n).
Haploid cells are formed by the process of meiosis. Diploid cells undergo mitosis.
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