The diagram below shows the electrolysis of dilute sulphuric acid. Hydrogen is formed at the negative electrode (cathode) and oxygen at the positive electrode (anode) and the concentration of sulphuric acid increases. (5) The ions present in the dilute acid are H+ (aq), OH- (aq) and SO4 2- (aq). (i) Write an equation for the reaction at the negative electrode (cathode). (ii) Write an equation for the reaction at the positive electrode (anode) (iii) In the apparatus used in above figure, the power supply is removed and immediately replaced by a voltmeter. (3) Reading on the voltmeter shows that electrical energy is being produced. How has the electrical energy been produced?

Answers 1

Answer:

1. Positively charged ions gain electrons at the cathode. These are half equations for some reactions at the cathode:

Na+ + e- → Na

Pb2+ + 2e- → Pb

2H+ + 2e- → H2

2. Negatively charged ions lose electrons at the anode. These are half equations for some reactions at the anode:

2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e-

2O2- → O2 + 4e

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