A loudspeaker (commonly referred to as a speaker or speaker driver) is an electroacoustic transducer, that is, a device that converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding sound.
microphone is a device that translates sound vibrations in the air into electronic signals and scribes them to a recording medium or over a loudspeaker. Microphones enable many types of audio recording devices for purposes including communications of many kinds, as well as music vocals, speech and sound recording
transducer is an electronic device that converts energy from one form to another. Common examples include microphones, loudspeakers, thermometers, position and pressure sensors, and antenna.