1. Carbon cycle is the process where carbon compounds are interchanged among the biosphere, geosphere, pedosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the earth
Following are the major steps involved in the process of the carbon cycle:
•Carbon present in the atmosphere is absorbed by plants for photosynthesis.
•These plants are then consumed by animals and carbon gets bioaccumulated into their bodies.
•These animals and plants eventually die, and upon decomposing, carbon is released back into the atmosphere.
•Some of the carbon that is not released back into the atmosphere eventually become fossil fuels.
•These fossil fuels are then used for man-made activities, which pump more carbon back into the atmosphere.
2. The oxygen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of oxygen. It is mainly involved in maintaining the level of oxygen in the atmosphere. Oxygen is the main by-product of photosynthesis. It is involved in the oxidation of carbohydrates with the release of energy, carbon dioxide and water. The cycling of oxygen is a highly complex process. Oxygen occurs in a number of chemical forms and combinations. It combines with nitrogen to form nitrates and with many other minerals and elements to form various oxides such as iron oxide, aluminium oxide and others. Much of oxygen is produced from the decomposition of water molecules by sunlight during photosynthesis and is released in the atmosphere through the transpiration and respiration processes of plants.
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