Answer:
Lord Curzon initiated anti-movement action in India:
1. To break the Indian solidarity.
2. To cause a socio-economic crisis.
Explanation:
Lord Curzon was a British diplomat who ruled as Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905. His full name was George Nathaniel Curzon. In Indian history, he is best known for his decision to divide Bengal into two provinces.
Curzon's motivations for separation were as follows:
1. To break the Indian solidarity.
- Curzon recognized Bengal as a nerve center of Indian nationalism, and the wealth and balanced pattern of Bengal's graph was its greatest strength.
- As a result, Curzon desired to split Bengal, using population disparities as justification.
- The western half of Bengal had a majority of Hindus and a Muslim minority, whilst the eastern part had a Muslim majority and a Hindu minority.
2. To cause a socio-economic crisis.
- The economic crippling of Bengal was also possible as a result of this division because there were Muslim majority peasants in eastern Bengal who used to cultivate jute, and there were many jute processing mills owned by Hindu mill owners in western Bengal, so the jute economy of Bengal was based on their solidarity.
- However, in the aftermath of communalism, this social solidarity was broken, resulting in the growth of communalism, which in turn crippled Bengal's jute-based economy.
- Curzon intended for Bengal to be divided in order to cause a socio-economic crisis. This socioeconomic catastrophe would then exacerbate local issues, which would be sufficient to derail the rising tide of nationalism.