. Minimum bond length among the following is of (1) C-H (2) N-O (3) O-H (4) C-O​

Answers 2

Answer:

. O

2

+

:

valence electrons=6+6−1=11

(σ2s)

2

(σ∗2s)

2

(σ2p)

2

(π2p)

4

2p)

1

BO=1/2×(6−1)=2.5;

2.O

2

−1

:

valence electrons=6+6+1=13

(σ2s)

2

(σ∗2s)

2

(σ2p)

2

(π2p)

4

2p)

3

BO=1/2×(6−3)=1.5;

3. O

2

−2

:

valence electrons=6+6+2=14

(σ2s)

2

(σ∗2s)

2

(σ2p)

2

(π2p)

4

2p)

4

BO=1/2×(6−4)=1;

4. O

2

:

valence electrons=6+6=12

(σ2s)

2

(σ∗2s)

2

(σ2p)

2

(π2p)

4

2p)

2

BO=1/2×(6−2)=2;

Bond length ∝

bond order

1

O

2

+

has minimum bond length.

Answer:

The C-O bond will have minimum bond length.

Therefore, option (4) is correct.

Explanation:

We know that the bond length of a bond is inversely proportional to its  bond order.

The bond order is the half of the difference of the electrons in bonding orbital and antibonding orbitals.

For C-H bond, carbon has 6 electrons and hydrogen has one electron. So the total electrons C-H bond has seven.

C-H bond :-  [tex]\sigma 1s^2 \; \sigma^*1s^2\; \sigma 2s^2 \; \sigma^*2s^1[/tex]

Bond order of C-H bond [tex]=\frac{1}{2}[4-3]=\frac{1}{2} = 0.5[/tex]

For N-O bond, N has 7 electrons and O has 8 electron. So the total electrons N-O bond has 15.

N-O bond :-  [tex]\sigma 1s^2 \; \sigma^*1s^2\; \sigma 2s^2 \; \sigma^*2s^2\; \pi 2p^2_x \; \pi 2p^2_y \; \sigma 2p_z^2 \; \pi 2p_x^1[/tex]

Bond order of N-O bond [tex]=\frac{1}{2}[10-5]=\frac{5}{2} = 2.5[/tex]

For O-H bond, oxygen has 8 electrons and hydrogen has one electron. So the total electrons O-H bond has nine.

O-H bond :-  [tex]\sigma 1s^2 \; \sigma^*1s^2\; \sigma 2s^2 \; \sigma^*2s^2\; \sigma 2p^1_z[/tex]

Bond order of O-H bond [tex]=\frac{1}{2}[5-4]=\frac{1}{2} = 0.5[/tex]

For C-O bond, C has 6 electrons and O has 8 electron. So the total electrons N-O bond has 14.

C-O bond :-  [tex]\sigma 1s^2 \; \sigma^*1s^2\; \sigma 2s^2 \; \sigma^*2s^2\; \pi 2p^2_x \; \pi 2p^2_y \; \sigma 2p_z^2[/tex]

Bond order of C-O bond [tex]=\frac{1}{2}[10-4]=\frac{6}{2} = 3[/tex]

Therefore, the C-O bond has highest bond order, so it has minimum bond length.

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